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                  Home  » Manuscript Home » Laghu-kṣetra-samāsa with Gujarāti commentary (Add. 26374) » Stanzas 50 to 54

                  Laghu-kṣetra-samāsa with Gujarāti commentary (Add. 26374)

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                  Abhidhāna-cintāmaṇi with Nāmasāroddhāra commentary (Or. 13806)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (069.001)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (575181i)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Add. Or. 1812)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Add. Or. 1813)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Add. Or. 1814)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Circ. 91-1970)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (IS 6565)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Or. 13294)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Or. 13937)

                  Ādityavāra-kathā (Or. 14290)

                  Āvaśyaka-niryukti (Or. 13550)

                  Āvaśyaka-niryukti (Or. 13786)

                  Āvaśyaka-niryukti (Or. 2105 ms. C)

                  Text starts – Ṛṣabha meditating

                  Bhaktāmara-stotra (Or. 13478)

                  Bhaktāmara-stotra (Or. 13741)

                  Br̥haccūrṇivyākhyā (Or. 1386)

                  Caturviṃśati-stava (Or. 13623)

                  Cosmic man (Or. 13974)

                  Ḍholā-Marū and Madhavanala kī copaī (Or. 14687)

                  Fragments of Jain manuscripts (Or. 13950)

                  Jambū-dvīpa-prajnapti-sūtra (MS. Ind. Inst. Sansk. 109)

                  Jasahara-cariu (Beta 1471)

                  Jina images (Add. 26519)

                  Jīta-kalpa-sūtra (Or. 1385)

                  Jnātadharma-kathā (Prakrit d. 4)

                  Kālakācārya-kathā (Beta 365)

                  Kālakācārya-kathā (Or. 13475)

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Gamma 453)

                  Śakra’s thoughts

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 06-1931)

                  Text

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 07-1931)

                  Birth of Mahāvīra

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 08-1931)

                  Text

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 09-1931)

                  Nemi decides not to marry

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 10-1931)

                  Mahāvīra plucks out his hair

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 11-1931)

                  A Jina’s omniscience and preaching

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 12-1931)

                  Text

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 161-1914)

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IS 46-1959)

                  Text

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IS 83-1963)

                  Section on Mahāvīra

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IS 84-1963)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 11921)

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 12744)

                  Section on Mahāvīra

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 13341)

                  Section on Mahāvīra

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 13342)

                  First page – floral decoration

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 13700)

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 13959)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 14262)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 5149)

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                  Kalpa-sūtra and Kālakācārya-kathā (I.O. San. 3177)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra and Kālakācārya-kathā (Tod MS 34)

                  Blank first page of Kalpa-sūtra

                  Kalpa-sūtra with Gujarati commentary (Or. 13701)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra with Sanskrit commentary (Gamma 3)

                  First page with library stamps

                  Kalpa-sūtra with Sanskrit glosses (Or. 13455)

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                  Karma-kāṇḍa with Persian commentary (MS. Wilson 262)

                  Laghu-kṣetra-samāsa with Gujarāti commentary (Add. 26374)

                  Homage to Sarasvatī

                  Līlāvatī (Or. 13457)

                  Last page – colophon

                  Mahāniśītha-sūtra (Prakrit d. 18)

                  Auto Draft

                  Mandala with 24 Jinas (Or. 13472)

                  Manuscript cover of the 14 dreams

                  Manuscript cover (IS 20-1978)

                  Fourteen auspicious dreams

                  Manuscript cover (IS 50-1983)

                  Head of a man surrounded by text

                  Medicine and karma (Beta 1469)

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                  Personification of a planet (Circ. 325-1972)

                  Personification of a planet

                  Personification of a planet (Circ. 326-1972)

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                  Praśnottara or Dharma-ratnākara (Or. 2136 ms. B)

                  Sanskrit hymn in 25 stanzas

                  Ratnākara-panca-viṃśatikā (Or. 15633/197)

                  Blank first page of Śālibhadra-caupaī

                  Śālibhadra-caupaī (Or. 13524)

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                  Saṃgrahaṇī and Karma-granthas (Or. 2137 ms. B)

                  Blank page – British Library stamp

                  Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna - Dharmameru's commentary (Or. 13456)

                  Seven armies of the Bhavanavāsin king

                  Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna (IS 2-1984)

                  Opening page – floral decoration

                  Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna (Or. 13454)

                  Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna or Trailokyadīpikā (IS 35-1971)

                  Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna with Gujarati commentary (Or. 2116 ms. C)

                  Palm of the hand

                  Sāmudrika-śāstra (Add. 26,461)

                  First page with peacocks

                  Ṣaṣṭiśataka with Sanskrit commentary (Or. 13179)

                  Seven Chakras of the Subtle Body

                  Seven Chakras of the Subtle Body (Circ. 321-1972)

                  Siddhāntālāpaka (Or. 2137 ms. A)

                  Snakes and ladders

                  Snakes and ladders (Circ. 324-1972)

                  Śrāddhavidhi-viniścaya (Or. 2120 ms. B)

                  Modern page – shelfmark and provenance

                  Śrīpāla-kathā (Or. 2126 ms. A)

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                  Śrīpāla-rāsa and Gujarati commentary (Or. 13622)

                  Sūri-mantra-paṭa (065.001)

                  Tattva-bodha-prakaraṇa (Or. 2112 ms. B)

                  Paper manuscript cover

                  Triṣaṣṭi-śalākā-puruṣa-caritra (Beta 1689)

                  A universal gathering and monastic discipline

                  Uttarādhyayana-sūtra (IS 2-1972)

                  Auto Draft

                  Uttarādhyayana-sūtra (Or. 13362)

                  Indrabhūti Gautama

                  Uttarādhyayana-sūtra (Or. 13476)

                  Final colophon

                  Uttarādhyayana-sūtra (Prakrit c.1)

                  Victory banner

                  Victory banner (IM 89-1936)

                  Vijñapti-patra (Or. 16192)

                  Title page

                  Vītarāga-stotra with commentary (MS. Sansk. d. 317)

                  Viveka-vilāsa (Or. 2136 ms. A)

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                  Yati-pratikramaṇa with commentary (MS. Sansk. d. 310)

                  Next
                  # 1 of 96

                  Modern paper – shelfmark of Erskine collection

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                  Definition of text in English

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                  Blank first page of the Laghu-kṣetra-samāsa

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                  Worship of Mahāvīra

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                  Stanzas 3 to 8

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                  Stanzas 8 to 12

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                  A palace, and the universal gathering

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                  Stanzas 16 to 20

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                  Stanzas 20 to 25

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                  Stanzas 25 to 29

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                  Stanzas 30 to 33

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                  Stanzas 34 to 38

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                  Palace with lotuses

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                  Stanzas 44 to 46

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                  Lotus pond, lakes and rivers

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                  Ocean with fish

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                  Stanzas 50 to 54

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                  Stanzas 55 to 59

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                  Stanzas 60 to 63

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                  Stanzas 64 to 67

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                  Stanzas 68 to 72

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                  Stanzas 73 to 76

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                  Stanzas 77 to 81

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                  Stanza 82 – home of a vidyādhara

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                  Stanzas 83 to 87

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                  Stanzas 88 to 91

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                  Stanzas 92 to 96

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                  Stanzas 96 to 101

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                  Stanzas 101 to 104

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                  Stanzas 105 to 107

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                  Stanzas 108 to 111

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                  Stanzas 112 to 116

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                  Mount Meru

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                  Jain temple on Mount Meru

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                  Mount Meru with trees and palaces

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                  Mount Meru with Uttara-kuru and Deva-kuru

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                  Stanzas 125 to 129

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                  Small palaces

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                  Stanzas 133 to 134

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                  Stanzas 135 to 138

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                  Trees and temples on Mount Meru

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                  Stanzas 138 to 142

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                  Diagram of Jambū-dvīpa

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                  Stanzas 145 to 149

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                  Uttara-kuru and Deva-kuru

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                  Stanzas 151 to 155

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                  Stanzas 155 to 159

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                  Stanzas 160 to 164

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                  Stanzas 164 to 167

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                  Stanzas 169 to 171

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                  Stanzas 171 to 172

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                  Stanzas 173 to 176

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                  Two suns and moons, and Capricorn

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                  Winter solstice

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                  Stanzas 176 to 177

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                  Stanzas 178 to 181

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                  Stanzas 182 to 186

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                  Sun and eclipses

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                  Stanzas 189 to 192

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                  Chart of measurements

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                  Chart of measurements

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                  Chart of measurements

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                  Chart of measurements

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                  Chart of measurements

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                  Chart of measurements

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                  Stanzas 195 to 197

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                  Chart of measurements

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                  Chart of measurements

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                  Chart of measurements

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                  Stanzas 199 to 202

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                  Stanzas 203 to 207

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                  Stanzas 207 to 211

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                  Circle with mountains

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                  Jambū-dvīpa and Lavaṇa-samudra

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                  Stanzas 216 to 220

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                  Stanzas 221 to 224

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                  Mountains on the sun and moon

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                  Lavaṇa-samudra and Kālodadhi oceans

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                  Stanzas 228 to 230

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                  Stanzas 230 to 233

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                  Stanzas 233 to 236

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                  Stanzas 236 to 237

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                  Stanzas 238 to 241

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                  Information on Mahā-videha

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                  Information on Puṣkara-dvīpa

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                  Continent with mountains

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                  Stanzas 246 to 250

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                  Stanzas 250 to 252

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                  Stanzas 253 to 256

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                  Stanzas 257 to 258

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                  World of human beings

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                  Stanzas 259 to 261

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                  Continent with palaces and temples

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                  End of the text

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                  Colophon in red ink with date

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                  Blank final page of the Laghu-kṣetra-samāsa

                  Background

                  The Laghu-kṣetra-samāsa – Brief Summary of the Areas [of the World] – belongs to the tradition of Śvetāmbara writings on the Jain universe. It was written in Prakrit verse in the 14th century by the monk Ratnaśekhara-sūri. The title underlines the condensed nature of the work and indicates that there are also expanded versions. The one in this manuscript has 265 stanzas.

                  The kṣetra-samāsa works are mainly geographical, describing all the areas – continents, mountains, oceans and so on – that constitute the three worlds. 

                  Teaching and learning cosmology are an important part of monastic education. Partly for this reason, cosmological writings have generated numerous commentaries in Sanskrit or the vernacular languages. Some manuscripts just have the Prakrit verses but this one also contains a Gujarati commentary written by a famous monk. Pārśva-candra-sūri was the founder of a gaccha that took his name, having separated from the Nāgapurīya-Tapāgaccha in 1572 of the Vikrama era. He was also a prolific writer and commentator in Gujarati.

                  A rich pictorial tradition has also grown up round cosmological works, as visualisation is part of the transmission of knowledge on the Jain universe and is helpful as a means of understanding.

                   

                  Jain cosmology is complex. Human beings live in the Middle World, which is the smallest of the three worlds that make up world space – loka-ākāśa. In world space all the souls live in the different body-forms they take according to their rebirths, in the various worlds. Outside world space is the non‑world space – aloka-ākāśa – which is endless. However, the Middle World is the most important area from the spiritual point of view because it is the only part where human beings can live.

                  Jains cannot advance spiritually without understanding and meditating upon cosmological theories so understanding them is crucial. Certain key religious concepts run through these theories. These include the notion of a physical soul shedding karma by moving through the cycle of rebirth to eventual omniscience and liberation, along with the cyclical nature of time, the interconnectedness of the universe, and the importance of symmetry, repetition and balance.

                  Glossary

                    • Source:

                      The British Library Board

                    • Shelfmark:

                      Add. 26374

                    • Author:

                      Ratnaśekhara (text), Pārśvacandra (commentary)

                    • Date of creation:

                      1769

                    • Folio number:

                      8 recto

                    • Total number of folios:

                      45

                    • Place of creation:

                      western India

                    • Language:

                      Jaina Māhārāṣṭrī Prākrit and Gujarāti

                    • Medium:

                      watercolour on paper

                    • Size:

                      30 x 12 cm

                    • Copyright:

                      CC0 1.0 (Creative Commons Public Domain)

                    • Image Copyright:

                      Creative Commons Public Domain

                    Laghu-kṣetra-samāsa with Gujarāti commentary (Add. 26374)

                    Stanzas 50 to 54

                    • Source:

                      The British Library Board

                    • Shelfmark:

                      Add. 26374

                    • Author:

                      Ratnaśekhara (text), Pārśvacandra (commentary)

                    • Date of creation:

                      1769

                    • Folio number:

                      8 recto

                    • Total number of folios:

                      45

                    • Place of creation:

                      western India

                    • Language:

                      Jaina Māhārāṣṭrī Prākrit and Gujarāti

                    • Medium:

                      watercolour on paper

                    • Size:

                      30 x 12 cm

                    • Copyright:

                      CC0 1.0 (Creative Commons Public Domain)

                    • Image Copyright:

                      Creative Commons Public Domain

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                    Please consider the environment before printing
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                      • jJyotiṣka
                      • kKāla
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                      • kKālidāsa
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                      • kKalpa-vṛkṣa
                      • kKalyāṇaka
                      • kKalyanvijay
                      • kKamaṇḍalu
                      • kKamaṭha
                      • kKarma
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                      • kKarma-grantha
                      • kKarma-prakṛti
                      • kKarma-vāda
                      • kKarmon
                      • kKarnataka
                      • kKaṣāya
                      • kKathā
                      • kKāvya
                      • kKāya
                      • kKāyotsarga
                      • kKeśa-loca
                      • kKetu
                      • kKevala-jñāna
                      • kKevalin
                      • kKhalji
                      • kKharatara-gaccha
                      • kKnowledge
                      • kKriyā
                      • kKriyā-vāda
                      • kKṛṣṇa
                      • kKṣamā-śramaṇa
                      • kKṣapakaśreṇi
                      • kKṣatriya
                      • kKṣullaka
                      • kKulakara
                      • kKundakunda
                      • kKunthu
                      • lLabdhi
                      • lLaity
                      • lLakh
                      • lLāñchana
                      • lLands of Action
                      • lLaukāntika
                      • lLavaṇa-samudra
                      • lLeśyā
                      • lLiṅga
                      • lLinguistics
                      • lLoka
                      • lLoka-ākāśa
                      • lLoka-puruṣa
                      • lLoka-vāda
                      • lLotus
                      • lLotus lake
                      • mMadhya-loka
                      • mMahā-videha
                      • mMahā-vrata
                      • mMahābhārata
                      • mMahāmastakābhiṣeka
                      • mMāhārāṣṭra
                      • mMāhārāṣṭrī Prākrit
                      • mMahattarā Yākinī
                      • mMahāvīr Jayantī
                      • mMahāvīra
                      • mMakāra
                      • mMakkhali Gośāla
                      • mMalli
                      • mMāna-stambha
                      • mManaḥ-paryāya-jñāna
                      • mMaṇḍala
                      • mMaṇḍapa
                      • mMandit
                      • mMaṅgala
                      • mMantra
                      • mMantras
                      • mManuṣya-loka
                      • mMarāṭhī
                      • mMārgaṇā
                      • mMartyr
                      • mMarudevī
                      • mMaṭha
                      • mMati-jñāna
                      • mMauryaputra
                      • mMecca
                      • mMendicant lineage
                      • mMetarya
                      • mMiracle
                      • mMithyādṛṣṭi
                      • mMohandas Gandhi
                      • mMohanīya-karma
                      • mMokṣa
                      • mMonastic order
                      • mMonasticism
                      • mMonk
                      • mMonotheism
                      • mMosque
                      • mMount Meru
                      • mMount Sammeta
                      • mMṛgāvatī
                      • mMughal
                      • mMuhammad
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                      • mMuhpattī
                      • mMūla-sūtra
                      • mMūlaguṇa
                      • mMumbaī
                      • mMuni
                      • mMunisuvrata
                      • mMurad Bakhsh
                      • mMūrti-pūjaka
                      • mMuslim
                      • mMysticism
                      • nNābhi
                      • nNāga-kal
                      • nNāgapurīya Tapā-gaccha
                      • nNāgarī
                      • nNāma-karma
                      • nNamaskāra-mantra
                      • nNami
                      • nNandīśvara-dvīpa
                      • nNandivardhana
                      • nNandyāvarta
                      • nNāraka
                      • nNāraki
                      • nNasalisation
                      • nNātha
                      • nNavrātrī
                      • nNaya-vāda
                      • nNemi
                      • nNidāna
                      • nniggaṃthāṇa vā 2
                      • nniggaṃtho vā 2
                      • nNigoda
                      • nNihnava
                      • nNikṣepa
                      • nNirgrantha
                      • nNirjarā
                      • nNirvāṇa
                      • nNiryukti
                      • nNiṣidhi
                      • nNitya
                      • nNiyati
                      • nNo-kaṣāya
                      • nNudity
                      • nNun
                      • oOcean of milk
                      • oOmniscience
                      • oOrdination
                      • ppa°
                      • pPadmaprabha
                      • pPadmāsana
                      • pPadmāvatī
                      • pPādukā
                      • pPalanquin
                      • pPalette
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                      • pPāṇḍava
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                      • pPandit Sukhlalji
                      • pPāṇipātra
                      • pPāpa
                      • pParamātman
                      • pParameṣṭhin
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                      • pPicchikā
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                      • pPratyakṣa
                      • pPravacana
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                      • pPrayer
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                      • pPredestination
                      • pProtestant
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                      • pPuṇya
                      • pPūrva
                      • pPuṣkara-dvīpa
                      • pPuṣpadanta
                      • pPyre
                      • qQur’an
                      • rRāga
                      • rRāhu
                      • rRainy season
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                      • rRatna-traya
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                      • rRecto
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                      • rRevatī
                      • %Ṛg-veda
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                      • %Ṛṣabha
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                      • sSaciyā Mātā
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                      • sSukha
                      • sŚukla-dhyāna
                      • sSulasā
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                      • sSuyam me ausam! Tenam bhagavaya evamakkhayam
                      • sSvādhyāya
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                      • sŚvetāmbara Terāpanthin
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                      • tTabla
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                      • tTapas
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                      • tTemple-city
                      • tThe Enlightenment
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                      • tThree worlds
                      • %Ṭīkā
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                      • tTīrthaṃkaranāma-karman
                      • tTīrthankara
                      • tTransliteration
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                      • tTriṣaṣṭi-śalākā-puruṣa-caritra
                      • tTti bemi
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                      • tTunk
                      • uUdumbara
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                      • vVāhana
                      • vVaimānika
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                      • vVegetarianism
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                      • vVidyā-devī
                      • vVihāra
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                      • vVikṛti
                      • vVimala
                      • vVinaya
                      • vVipāka
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                      • vVirodhaja
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                      • vVisarga
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                      • vVS
                      • vVyakta
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