Skip to content
      • Learn Jainism
      • JAINpedia
      • Blog
      JainpediaJainpedia
      • Menu
            • Home
            • Themes
            • Manuscripts
            • Gallery
            • Timeline
            • e-Library
            • Resources
            • About
            • Support Us
                  Home  » Manuscript Home » Śālibhadra-caupaī (Or. 13524) » Text

                  Śālibhadra-caupaī (Or. 13524)

                  Previous
                  Browse All Manuscripts

                  Abhidhāna-cintāmaṇi with Nāmasāroddhāra commentary (Or. 13806)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (069.001)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (575181i)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Add. Or. 1812)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Add. Or. 1813)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Add. Or. 1814)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Circ. 91-1970)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (IS 6565)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Or. 13294)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Or. 13937)

                  Ādityavāra-kathā (Or. 14290)

                  Āvaśyaka-niryukti (Or. 13550)

                  Āvaśyaka-niryukti (Or. 13786)

                  Āvaśyaka-niryukti (Or. 2105 ms. C)

                  Text starts – Ṛṣabha meditating

                  Bhaktāmara-stotra (Or. 13478)

                  Bhaktāmara-stotra (Or. 13741)

                  Br̥haccūrṇivyākhyā (Or. 1386)

                  Caturviṃśati-stava (Or. 13623)

                  Cosmic man (Or. 13974)

                  Ḍholā-Marū and Madhavanala kī copaī (Or. 14687)

                  Fragments of Jain manuscripts (Or. 13950)

                  Jambū-dvīpa-prajnapti-sūtra (MS. Ind. Inst. Sansk. 109)

                  Jasahara-cariu (Beta 1471)

                  Jina images (Add. 26519)

                  Jīta-kalpa-sūtra (Or. 1385)

                  Jnātadharma-kathā (Prakrit d. 4)

                  Kālakācārya-kathā (Beta 365)

                  Kālakācārya-kathā (Or. 13475)

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Gamma 453)

                  Śakra’s thoughts

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 06-1931)

                  Text

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 07-1931)

                  Birth of Mahāvīra

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 08-1931)

                  Text

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 09-1931)

                  Nemi decides not to marry

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 10-1931)

                  Mahāvīra plucks out his hair

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 11-1931)

                  A Jina’s omniscience and preaching

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 12-1931)

                  Text

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 161-1914)

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IS 46-1959)

                  Text

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IS 83-1963)

                  Section on Mahāvīra

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IS 84-1963)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 11921)

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 12744)

                  Section on Mahāvīra

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 13341)

                  Section on Mahāvīra

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 13342)

                  First page – floral decoration

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 13700)

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 13959)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 14262)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 5149)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra and Kālakācārya-kathā (I.O. San. 3177)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra and Kālakācārya-kathā (Tod MS 34)

                  Blank first page of Kalpa-sūtra

                  Kalpa-sūtra with Gujarati commentary (Or. 13701)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra with Sanskrit commentary (Gamma 3)

                  First page with library stamps

                  Kalpa-sūtra with Sanskrit glosses (Or. 13455)

                  Auto Draft

                  Karma-kāṇḍa with Persian commentary (MS. Wilson 262)

                  Laghu-kṣetra-samāsa with Gujarāti commentary (Add. 26374)

                  Homage to Sarasvatī

                  Līlāvatī (Or. 13457)

                  Last page – colophon

                  Mahāniśītha-sūtra (Prakrit d. 18)

                  Auto Draft

                  Mandala with 24 Jinas (Or. 13472)

                  Manuscript cover of the 14 dreams

                  Manuscript cover (IS 20-1978)

                  Fourteen auspicious dreams

                  Manuscript cover (IS 50-1983)

                  Head of a man surrounded by text

                  Medicine and karma (Beta 1469)

                  Auto Draft

                  Personification of a planet (Circ. 325-1972)

                  Personification of a planet

                  Personification of a planet (Circ. 326-1972)

                  Auto Draft

                  Praśnottara or Dharma-ratnākara (Or. 2136 ms. B)

                  Sanskrit hymn in 25 stanzas

                  Ratnākara-panca-viṃśatikā (Or. 15633/197)

                  Blank first page of Śālibhadra-caupaī

                  Śālibhadra-caupaī (Or. 13524)

                  Auto Draft

                  Saṃgrahaṇī and Karma-granthas (Or. 2137 ms. B)

                  Blank page – British Library stamp

                  Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna - Dharmameru's commentary (Or. 13456)

                  Seven armies of the Bhavanavāsin king

                  Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna (IS 2-1984)

                  Opening page – floral decoration

                  Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna (Or. 13454)

                  Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna or Trailokyadīpikā (IS 35-1971)

                  Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna with Gujarati commentary (Or. 2116 ms. C)

                  Palm of the hand

                  Sāmudrika-śāstra (Add. 26,461)

                  First page with peacocks

                  Ṣaṣṭiśataka with Sanskrit commentary (Or. 13179)

                  Seven Chakras of the Subtle Body

                  Seven Chakras of the Subtle Body (Circ. 321-1972)

                  Siddhāntālāpaka (Or. 2137 ms. A)

                  Snakes and ladders

                  Snakes and ladders (Circ. 324-1972)

                  Śrāddhavidhi-viniścaya (Or. 2120 ms. B)

                  Modern page – shelfmark and provenance

                  Śrīpāla-kathā (Or. 2126 ms. A)

                  Auto Draft

                  Śrīpāla-rāsa and Gujarati commentary (Or. 13622)

                  Sūri-mantra-paṭa (065.001)

                  Tattva-bodha-prakaraṇa (Or. 2112 ms. B)

                  Paper manuscript cover

                  Triṣaṣṭi-śalākā-puruṣa-caritra (Beta 1689)

                  A universal gathering and monastic discipline

                  Uttarādhyayana-sūtra (IS 2-1972)

                  Auto Draft

                  Uttarādhyayana-sūtra (Or. 13362)

                  Indrabhūti Gautama

                  Uttarādhyayana-sūtra (Or. 13476)

                  Final colophon

                  Uttarādhyayana-sūtra (Prakrit c.1)

                  Victory banner

                  Victory banner (IM 89-1936)

                  Vijñapti-patra (Or. 16192)

                  Title page

                  Vītarāga-stotra with commentary (MS. Sansk. d. 317)

                  Viveka-vilāsa (Or. 2136 ms. A)

                  Auto Draft

                  Yati-pratikramaṇa with commentary (MS. Sansk. d. 310)

                  Next
                  # 1 of 74

                  Blank first page of Śālibhadra-caupaī

                  # 2 of 74

                  Homage to Mahāvīra

                  # 3 of 74

                  City life

                  # 4 of 74

                  Poor widow and her son

                  # 5 of 74

                  Cowherd Sangama – Sangama and mother

                  # 6 of 74

                  Widow’s neighbours intervene

                  # 7 of 74

                  Text

                  # 8 of 74

                  Offering milk-rice to a Jain monk

                  # 9 of 74

                  Text

                  # 10 of 74

                  Sangama’s rebirth as Śālibhadra

                  # 11 of 74

                  Married to several ladies

                  # 12 of 74

                  Text

                  # 13 of 74

                  Text

                  # 14 of 74

                  Merchant selling shawls

                  # 15 of 74

                  Text

                  # 16 of 74

                  Royal messenger wants a shawl

                  # 17 of 74

                  King Śreṇika instructs his son

                  # 18 of 74

                  Bhadrā asks the king to Śālibhadra’s house

                  # 19 of 74

                  Text

                  # 20 of 74

                  Pomp and display

                  # 21 of 74

                  Glory and luxury

                  # 22 of 74

                  Visiting the second floor

                  # 23 of 74

                  Visiting the third floor

                  # 24 of 74

                  Bhadrā asks Śālibhadra to greet the king

                  # 25 of 74

                  Text

                  # 26 of 74

                  Text

                  # 27 of 74

                  Śālibhadra brings his wives

                  # 28 of 74

                  Śālibhadra meets the king

                  # 29 of 74

                  Text

                  # 30 of 74

                  Śālibhadra is dejected

                  # 31 of 74

                  Text

                  # 32 of 74

                  Text

                  # 33 of 74

                  Śālibhadra and his mother

                  # 34 of 74

                  Reporting the arrival of a Jain monk

                  # 35 of 74

                  Śālibhadra pays respects to the monk

                  # 36 of 74

                  Text

                  # 37 of 74

                  Śālibhadra asks to renounce the world

                  # 38 of 74

                  Text

                  # 39 of 74

                  Śālibhadra’s mother talks to him

                  # 40 of 74

                  Text

                  # 41 of 74

                  Text

                  # 42 of 74

                  Śālibhadra leaves his 32 wives

                  # 43 of 74

                  Wives resist renunciation

                  # 44 of 74

                  Text

                  # 45 of 74

                  Women weeping

                  # 46 of 74

                  Subhadrā tries to dissuade her husband

                  # 47 of 74

                  Text

                  # 48 of 74

                  Text

                  # 49 of 74

                  Subhadrā tries to stop her husband

                  # 50 of 74

                  Subhadrā holds her husband’s feet

                  # 51 of 74

                  Dhanya tries to persuade his wives

                  # 52 of 74

                  Text

                  # 53 of 74

                  Text

                  # 54 of 74

                  Dhanya tells Śālibhadra to carry on

                  # 55 of 74

                  Dhanya on a palanquin

                  # 56 of 74

                  Śālibhadra asks his mother’s permission

                  # 57 of 74

                  Text

                  # 58 of 74

                  Text

                  # 59 of 74

                  Śālibhadra on a palanquin

                  # 60 of 74

                  Text

                  # 61 of 74

                  Mahāvīra and universal gathering

                  # 62 of 74

                  Text

                  # 63 of 74

                  Text

                  # 64 of 74

                  Dhanya and Śālibhadra seek alms in vain

                  # 65 of 74

                  Dhanya and Śālibhadra receive alms

                  # 66 of 74

                  Text

                  # 67 of 74

                  Dhanya and Śālibhadra fast unto death

                  # 68 of 74

                  Text

                  # 69 of 74

                  Text

                  # 70 of 74

                  Text

                  # 71 of 74

                  Rebirth in the Sarvārtha-siddhi

                  # 72 of 74

                  Rebirth and emancipation

                  # 73 of 74

                  Colophon – date and names

                  # 74 of 74

                  Blank final page of Śālibhadra-caupaī

                  Background

                  The ultimate purpose of Śālibhadra’s story – Śālibhadra-caupaī – is to illustrate the virtues of giving alms to Jain monks. But, like most Jain stories, it is eventful and full of lively characters. The Śālibhadra-caupaī is very popular in the Jain tradition. It is known from the many interpretations that have been written in Prakrit, Sanskrit and the vernacular languages.

                  This manuscript features the famous telling by Matisāra, written in Old Gujarati. Matisāra’s version of the story has often been illustrated in different styles.

                  The text is a narrative poem in verse, known as rāsa or caupa. This type of composition is popular in Gujarāti literature. The poem is divided into 29 sections called ḍhāla. Each section starts with a refrain verse and is associated with a specific musical mode – rāga. Such poems are meant to be read, but also performed, with recitation and musicians.

                  1

                  Glossary

                    • Source:

                      The British Library Board

                    • Shelfmark:

                      Or. 13524

                    • Author:

                      Matisāra

                    • Date of creation:

                      1726

                    • Folio number:

                      6 verso

                    • Total number of folios:

                      40

                    • Place of creation:

                      Jaisalmer, Rajasthan

                    • Language:

                      Gujarāti in Devanāgarī script

                    • Medium:

                      opaque watercolour on paper

                    • Size:

                      28 x 11.5 cms

                    • Copyright:

                      CC0 1.0 (Creative Commons Public Domain)

                    • Image Copyright:

                      Creative Commons Public Domain

                    Śālibhadra-caupaī (Or. 13524)

                    Text

                    • Source:

                      The British Library Board

                    • Shelfmark:

                      Or. 13524

                    • Author:

                      Matisāra

                    • Date of creation:

                      1726

                    • Folio number:

                      6 verso

                    • Total number of folios:

                      40

                    • Place of creation:

                      Jaisalmer, Rajasthan

                    • Language:

                      Gujarāti in Devanāgarī script

                    • Medium:

                      opaque watercolour on paper

                    • Size:

                      28 x 11.5 cms

                    • Copyright:

                      CC0 1.0 (Creative Commons Public Domain)

                    • Image Copyright:

                      Creative Commons Public Domain

                    Please consider the environment before printing
                    Please consider the environment before printing
                    Download Image
                      BackgroundResourcesGlossary
                      • +
                      • aAbhavya
                      • aAbhinandana
                      • aAbhiṣeka
                      • aĀcāra
                      • aĀcārāṅga-sūtra
                      • aĀcārya
                      • aAchalbhrata
                      • aAḍhāī-dvīpa
                      • aAdharma
                      • aAdho-loka
                      • aAdhyayana
                      • aAdvaita Vedānta
                      • aĀgama
                      • aAghātīya
                      • aAghātīya-karman
                      • aAgnibhuti
                      • aAgra
                      • aĀhāra
                      • aAhiṃsā
                      • aAhimsa Day
                      • aAjita
                      • aAjīva
                      • aAkampit
                      • aĀkāśa
                      • aAkbar the Great
                      • aAkṣaya-tṛtīyā
                      • aAlauddin Khalji
                      • aAlbert Einstein
                      • aAllah
                      • aAlms
                      • aĀlocanā
                      • aAloka-ākāśa
                      • aAmāri
                      • aAmbikā or Kūṣmāṇḍinī
                      • aAnagāra
                      • aAnanta
                      • aAnarthadaṇḍa
                      • aAnaśana
                      • aAnekānta-vāda
                      • aAṅga
                      • aAniconism
                      • aAnojjā
                      • aAntarāla
                      • aAntarāya-karma
                      • aAṇu
                      • aAṇu-vrata
                      • aAnukampā
                      • aAnuprekṣā
                      • aAnusvāra
                      • aApabhraṃśa
                      • aAparigraha
                      • aAra
                      • aĀrambha
                      • aĀrambhaja
                      • aĀratī
                      • aArdhamāgadhī Prākrit
                      • aArhaṃ
                      • aArhat
                      • aArśana-āvaraṇīya-karma
                      • aĀrta-dhyāna
                      • aĀryikā
                      • aĀryikā Jñānamati
                      • aĀśātanā
                      • aĀścarya
                      • aAscetic
                      • aAsceticism
                      • aAshram
                      • aAspiration
                      • aĀsrava
                      • aAṣṭa-maṅgala
                      • aAṣṭāpada
                      • aAstikāya
                      • aAstrolabe
                      • aAsura
                      • aAtheism
                      • aAticāra
                      • aAtiśayakṣetra
                      • aAtithisaṃvibhāgavrata
                      • aĀtma-vāda
                      • aĀtman
                      • aAuṃ
                      • aAurangzeb
                      • aAuspicious
                      • aAusterity
                      • aAvadhāna
                      • aAvadhi-jñāna
                      • aĀvaraṇī-yakarman
                      • aAvasarpiṇī
                      • aAvatāra
                      • aAvidyā
                      • aAxiom
                      • aĀyāga-paṭa
                      • aĀyambil
                      • aĀyu-karma
                      • aĀyurveda
                      • bBabur
                      • bBāhubali
                      • bBaladeva
                      • bBālāvabodha
                      • bBandha
                      • bBasadi
                      • bBazaar
                      • bBhadrankarvijay
                      • bBhagavant
                      • bBhaktāmara-stotra
                      • bBhakti
                      • bBhale
                      • bBharata
                      • bBhāṣā
                      • bBhāṣya
                      • bBhaṭṭāraka
                      • bBhāva
                      • bBhāva-pūjā
                      • bBhāvanā
                      • bBhavana-vāsin
                      • bBhavya
                      • bBhavyatva
                      • bBhaya
                      • bBhoga-bhūmi
                      • bBhogopabhoga
                      • bBodhi
                      • bBollywood
                      • bBrahmā
                      • bBrahma-deva
                      • bBrahmacārī
                      • bBrāhmaṇa
                      • bBraj Bhāṣā
                      • bBright fortnight
                      • bBritish Raj
                      • bBuddha
                      • bBuddhi-sagar
                      • bBuddhism
                      • bBuddhist
                      • cCaitya
                      • cCaityavāsin
                      • cCakravartin
                      • cCakreśvarī
                      • cCāmara
                      • cCandanā
                      • cCandragupta
                      • cCandraprabha
                      • cCanon
                      • cCāritra
                      • cCāritramohanīya-karman
                      • cCarũrī
                      • cCaste
                      • cCaturvidha-saṅgha
                      • cCaturviṃśati-stava
                      • cCāturyāma
                      • cCE
                      • cCelibacy
                      • cCha
                      • cChadmastha
                      • cChastity
                      • cCheda-sūtra
                      • cChristian
                      • cChristianity
                      • cClergy
                      • cCloning
                      • cColophon
                      • cCommentary
                      • cConch
                      • cConfession
                      • cCongregation
                      • cConsecration
                      • cCosmology
                      • cCremation
                      • cCrore
                      • cCult
                      • cCūrṇi
                      • dDādā-guru
                      • dDalit
                      • dDāna
                      • dDaṇḍa
                      • dDark fortnight
                      • dDarśana
                      • dDarśanamohanī-yakarman
                      • dDaśa-lakṣaṇa-parvan
                      • dDeity
                      • dDelhi Sultanate
                      • dDerāsar
                      • dDeśāvakāśika-vrata
                      • dDetachment
                      • dDevanāgarī
                      • dDevānandā
                      • dDevarddhi-gani
                      • dDevotee
                      • dDhamal
                      • dDhanuṣ
                      • dDhāra
                      • dDharma
                      • dDharma-dhyāna
                      • dDharma-sāgara
                      • dDharmastikaya
                      • dDhātakīkhaṇḍa
                      • dDholak
                      • dDhyāna
                      • dDiaspora
                      • dDig-vrata
                      • dDigambara
                      • dDīkṣā
                      • dDisciple
                      • dDīvālī
                      • dDivya-dhvani
                      • dDNA
                      • dDoctrine
                      • dDogma
                      • dDonor
                      • dDoṣa
                      • dDravya
                      • dDravya-pūjā
                      • dDrone
                      • dDuṣamā
                      • dDuṣamā-duṣamā
                      • dDuṣamā-suṣamā
                      • dDveṣa
                      • dDvīpa
                      • eEast India Company
                      • eEightfold Path
                      • eEkānta-vāda
                      • eEkendriya
                      • eElder
                      • eElders
                      • eEschatology
                      • eEtc up to
                      • fFarmān
                      • fFast
                      • fFatehpur Sikri
                      • fFestival
                      • fFestschrift
                      • fFiruz Shah
                      • fFly-Whisks
                      • fFolio
                      • fFour Noble Truths
                      • gGaccha
                      • gGaṇa
                      • gGaṇadhara
                      • gGanadharavada
                      • gGaṇeśa
                      • gGaṇin
                      • gGarba
                      • gGarbha
                      • gGarbha-gṛha
                      • gGaruḍa
                      • gGati
                      • gGene
                      • gGenomics
                      • gGhātī-yakarman
                      • gGhātīya
                      • gGhaznavid
                      • gGhiyasuddin Tughlaq
                      • gGhurid
                      • gGloss
                      • gGotra-karma
                      • gGujarāt
                      • gGujarati
                      • gGuṇa
                      • gGuṇa-sthāna
                      • gGuṇa-vrata
                      • gGupti
                      • gGuru
                      • gGuruṇī
                      • hHagiography
                      • hHajj
                      • hHaṃsa
                      • hHaribhadra
                      • hHariṇaigameṣin
                      • hHasta
                      • hHeresy
                      • hHiṃsā
                      • hHindi
                      • hHindu
                      • hHinduism
                      • hHīravijaya
                      • hHoroscope
                      • hHrīṃ
                      • hHumayun
                      • hHymn
                      • iIconoclasm
                      • iIconography
                      • iIdol
                      • iIndian Independence
                      • iIndology
                      • iIndra
                      • iIndrabhūti Gautama
                      • iIndriya
                      • iInitiation
                      • iIntercession
                      • iInvocation
                      • iIQ
                      • iIslam
                      • iIslamicate
                      • iIṣṭadevatā
                      • iĪśvara
                      • jJagat
                      • jJahangir
                      • jJain
                      • jJaina Devanāgarī
                      • jJaina Śaurasenī
                      • jJaina-dharma
                      • jJainaśāsana
                      • jJainness
                      • jJaisalmer
                      • jJamāli
                      • jJambū-dvīpa
                      • jJames Burgess
                      • jJanma
                      • jJanma-kalyāṇa
                      • jJarā
                      • jJāti
                      • jJina
                      • jJina-āgama
                      • jJina-bhavana
                      • jJina-bimba
                      • jJina-mātā
                      • jJinacandra-sūri
                      • jJinadatta
                      • jJinaprabha
                      • jJīva
                      • jJñāna
                      • jJñāna-āvaraṇīya-karma
                      • jJñāna-āvarṇiya
                      • jJñānsundar
                      • jJyotiṣka
                      • kKāla
                      • kKālakācārya-kathā
                      • kKālidāsa
                      • kKalpa-sūtra
                      • kKalpa-vṛkṣa
                      • kKalyāṇaka
                      • kKalyanvijay
                      • kKamaṇḍalu
                      • kKamaṭha
                      • kKarma
                      • kKarma-bhūmi
                      • kKarma-grantha
                      • kKarma-prakṛti
                      • kKarma-vāda
                      • kKarmon
                      • kKarnataka
                      • kKaṣāya
                      • kKathā
                      • kKāvya
                      • kKāya
                      • kKāyotsarga
                      • kKeśa-loca
                      • kKetu
                      • kKevala-jñāna
                      • kKevalin
                      • kKhalji
                      • kKharatara-gaccha
                      • kKnowledge
                      • kKriyā
                      • kKriyā-vāda
                      • kKṛṣṇa
                      • kKṣamā-śramaṇa
                      • kKṣapakaśreṇi
                      • kKṣatriya
                      • kKṣullaka
                      • kKulakara
                      • kKundakunda
                      • kKunthu
                      • lLabdhi
                      • lLaity
                      • lLakh
                      • lLāñchana
                      • lLands of Action
                      • lLaukāntika
                      • lLavaṇa-samudra
                      • lLeśyā
                      • lLiṅga
                      • lLinguistics
                      • lLoka
                      • lLoka-ākāśa
                      • lLoka-puruṣa
                      • lLoka-vāda
                      • lLotus
                      • lLotus lake
                      • mMadhya-loka
                      • mMahā-videha
                      • mMahā-vrata
                      • mMahābhārata
                      • mMahāmastakābhiṣeka
                      • mMāhārāṣṭra
                      • mMāhārāṣṭrī Prākrit
                      • mMahattarā Yākinī
                      • mMahāvīr Jayantī
                      • mMahāvīra
                      • mMakāra
                      • mMakkhali Gośāla
                      • mMalli
                      • mMāna-stambha
                      • mManaḥ-paryāya-jñāna
                      • mMaṇḍala
                      • mMaṇḍapa
                      • mMandit
                      • mMaṅgala
                      • mMantra
                      • mMantras
                      • mManuṣya-loka
                      • mMarāṭhī
                      • mMārgaṇā
                      • mMartyr
                      • mMarudevī
                      • mMaṭha
                      • mMati-jñāna
                      • mMauryaputra
                      • mMecca
                      • mMendicant lineage
                      • mMetarya
                      • mMiracle
                      • mMithyādṛṣṭi
                      • mMohandas Gandhi
                      • mMohanīya-karma
                      • mMokṣa
                      • mMonastic order
                      • mMonasticism
                      • mMonk
                      • mMonotheism
                      • mMosque
                      • mMount Meru
                      • mMount Sammeta
                      • mMṛgāvatī
                      • mMughal
                      • mMuhammad
                      • mMuhammad bin Tughlaq
                      • mMuhpattī
                      • mMūla-sūtra
                      • mMūlaguṇa
                      • mMumbaī
                      • mMuni
                      • mMunisuvrata
                      • mMurad Bakhsh
                      • mMūrti-pūjaka
                      • mMuslim
                      • mMysticism
                      • nNābhi
                      • nNāga-kal
                      • nNāgapurīya Tapā-gaccha
                      • nNāgarī
                      • nNāma-karma
                      • nNamaskāra-mantra
                      • nNami
                      • nNandīśvara-dvīpa
                      • nNandivardhana
                      • nNandyāvarta
                      • nNāraka
                      • nNāraki
                      • nNasalisation
                      • nNātha
                      • nNavrātrī
                      • nNaya-vāda
                      • nNemi
                      • nNidāna
                      • nniggaṃthāṇa vā 2
                      • nniggaṃtho vā 2
                      • nNigoda
                      • nNihnava
                      • nNikṣepa
                      • nNirgrantha
                      • nNirjarā
                      • nNirvāṇa
                      • nNiryukti
                      • nNiṣidhi
                      • nNitya
                      • nNiyati
                      • nNo-kaṣāya
                      • nNudity
                      • nNun
                      • oOcean of milk
                      • oOmniscience
                      • oOrdination
                      • ppa°
                      • pPadmaprabha
                      • pPadmāsana
                      • pPadmāvatī
                      • pPādukā
                      • pPalanquin
                      • pPalette
                      • pPañca-muṣṭi
                      • pPāṇḍava
                      • pPaṇḍit
                      • pPandit Dalsukh D. Malvania
                      • pPandit Sukhlalji
                      • pPāṇipātra
                      • pPāpa
                      • pParamātman
                      • pParameṣṭhin
                      • pPāraṇā
                      • pParigraha
                      • pPariṇāma
                      • pParīṣaha
                      • pParokṣa
                      • pPārśva
                      • pPārśvanātha
                      • pParyāya
                      • pParyuṣaṇ
                      • pPaṭa
                      • pPatan
                      • pPātra
                      • pPenance
                      • pPersian
                      • pPhala
                      • pPhilology
                      • pPicchikā
                      • pPilgrimage
                      • pPīr
                      • pPolymath
                      • pPoṣadha
                      • pPossession
                      • pPothī
                      • pPrabhas
                      • pPradakṣiṇā
                      • pPradeśa
                      • pPrākāra
                      • pPrakīrṇaka-sūtra
                      • pPrākrit
                      • pPramāda
                      • pPramukhā
                      • pPrati-vāsudeva
                      • pPratikramaṇa
                      • pPratimā
                      • pPratiṣṭhā
                      • pPratyākhyāna
                      • pPratyakṣa
                      • pPravacana
                      • pPrāyaścitta
                      • pPrayer
                      • pPre-modern
                      • pPreach
                      • pPredestination
                      • pProtestant
                      • pProvenance
                      • pPudgala
                      • pPūjā
                      • pPujārī
                      • pPukharavara-dvīpa
                      • pPuṇya
                      • pPūrva
                      • pPuṣkara-dvīpa
                      • pPuṣpadanta
                      • pPyre
                      • qQur’an
                      • rRāga
                      • rRāhu
                      • rRainy season
                      • rRajasthan
                      • rRajasthani
                      • rRājimatī
                      • rRajoharaṇa
                      • rRajput
                      • rRāma
                      • rRāmāyaṇa
                      • rRangoli
                      • rRās-garbā
                      • rRasa
                      • rRathanemi
                      • rRatna-traya
                      • rRātri-bhojana
                      • rRaudra-dhyāna
                      • rRecto
                      • rRelic
                      • rRenunciation
                      • rRetroflex
                      • rRevatī
                      • %Ṛg-veda
                      • rRite
                      • rRosary
                      • %Ṛṣabha
                      • %Ṛṣabhanātha
                      • rRupee
                      • sSaciyā Mātā
                      • sSādhu
                      • sSādhvī
                      • sSāgāra
                      • sSaint
                      • sŚaivaism
                      • sŚaka-saṃvat
                      • sSallekhanā
                      • sŚalya
                      • sSamacatuṣṭha
                      • sSamādhimaraṇa
                      • sSamaṇi
                      • sSāmarambha
                      • sSamavasaraṇa
                      • sSāmāyika
                      • sSaṃbhava
                      • sSamiti
                      • sSaṃjñā
                      • sSaṃkalpaja
                      • sSaṃsāra
                      • sSamudghāta
                      • sSaṃvara
                      • sSaṃvega
                      • sSamyak-cāritra
                      • sSamyak-darśana
                      • sSamyak-jñāna
                      • sSamyaktva
                      • sSaṃyama
                      • sSanctuary
                      • sSandalwood
                      • sSaṇgha
                      • sSanskrit
                      • sSant
                      • sŚānti
                      • sSapta-bhaṅgi-naya
                      • sSārambha
                      • sSarasvatī
                      • sSarvajña
                      • sSāsan-devi
                      • sŚāsana-devatā
                      • sŚāstra
                      • %Ṣaṭ-jīvanikāya
                      • sSatī
                      • sSatīmātā
                      • sSatya
                      • sSchism
                      • sScribe
                      • sScripture
                      • sSect
                      • sSecularism
                      • sŚenāī
                      • sSermon
                      • sŚeṣavatī
                      • sSevā
                      • sSeven fields of donation
                      • sShah Jahan
                      • sShantidas Jhaveri
                      • sShrine
                      • sSiddha
                      • sSiddha-śilā
                      • sSiddhacakra or Navadevatā
                      • sSiddhānta
                      • sSiddhārtha
                      • sSiddhi
                      • sSikh
                      • sSikhism
                      • sŚikṣā-vrata
                      • sŚīla
                      • sSin
                      • sSindh
                      • sŚītala
                      • sŚiva
                      • sSkandha
                      • sSomanatha
                      • sŚraddhā
                      • sŚramaṇa
                      • sŚrāvaka
                      • sŚrāvakācāra
                      • sŚrāvikā
                      • sŚreyāṃsa
                      • sŚrī
                      • sŚrīvatsa
                      • sŚruta-jñāna
                      • sŚruta-pañcamī
                      • sSthānaka-vāsin
                      • sSthāpanācārya
                      • sSthāvara
                      • sSthavira
                      • sSthiti
                      • sStrīmukti
                      • sStūpa
                      • sSubcontinent
                      • sSudarshana
                      • sŚuddhi
                      • sSudharma
                      • sŚūdra
                      • sSufism
                      • sSukha
                      • sŚukla-dhyāna
                      • sSulasā
                      • sSultan
                      • sSumati
                      • sSundarśrī
                      • sSupārśva
                      • sSūri
                      • sSuṣamā
                      • sSuṣamā-duṣamā
                      • sSuṣamā-suṣamā
                      • sSūtra
                      • sSuyam me ausam! Tenam bhagavaya evamakkhayam
                      • sSvādhyāya
                      • sSvāhā
                      • sSvastika
                      • sŚvetāmbara
                      • sŚvetāmbara Terāpanthin
                      • sŚvetāmbaras
                      • sSwan
                      • sSyād-vāda
                      • tTabla
                      • tTantra
                      • tTapā-gaccha
                      • tTapas
                      • tTāraṇ Svāmī Panth
                      • tTattva
                      • tTattvārtha-sūtra
                      • tTemple
                      • tTemple-city
                      • tThe Enlightenment
                      • tTheology
                      • tThree worlds
                      • %Ṭīkā
                      • tTilaka
                      • tTīrtha
                      • tTīrthaṃkaranāma-karman
                      • tTīrthankara
                      • tTransliteration
                      • tTrasa
                      • tTrasa-nāḍī
                      • tTriśalā
                      • tTriṣaṣṭi-śalākā-puruṣa-caritra
                      • tTti bemi
                      • tTughlaq
                      • tTunk
                      • uUdumbara
                      • uUniversal History
                      • uUpādhyāya
                      • uUpāṅga
                      • uUpaniṣads
                      • uUpāsaka
                      • uUpasarga
                      • uUpāśraya
                      • uŪrdhva-loka
                      • uUtsarpiṇī
                      • uUttarādhyayana-sūtra
                      • vVāhana
                      • vVaimānika
                      • vVairāgya
                      • vVaiṣṇava
                      • vVaiśramaṇa
                      • vVaiśya
                      • vValabhī
                      • vVanaspatikāya
                      • vVandana
                      • vVaṇik
                      • vVarṇa
                      • vVāsudeva
                      • vVāsupūjya
                      • vVayubhūti
                      • vVeda
                      • vVedanīya-karma
                      • vVegetarianism
                      • vVehicle
                      • vVernacular
                      • vVerso
                      • vVidyā
                      • vVidyā-devī
                      • vVihāra
                      • vVijñapti-patra
                      • vVikrama-saṃvat
                      • vVikṛti
                      • vVimala
                      • vVinaya
                      • vVipāka
                      • vVirji Vora
                      • vVirodhaja
                      • vVīrya
                      • vVisarga
                      • vViṣṇu
                      • vVītarāga
                      • vVizier
                      • vVotive
                      • vVow
                      • vVrata
                      • vVS
                      • vVyakta
                      • vVyantara
                      • vVyasana
                      • yYakṣa
                      • yYakṣī
                      • yYantra
                      • yYaśoda
                      • yYaśovijaya
                      • yYati
                      • yYātrā
                      • yYoga
                      • yYoginī
                      • yYojana
                      Related Article
                      • Cycle of rebirth
                      • Types of bodies
                      • Śvetāmbara
                      • Mendicant lifestyle
                      • Giving alms
                      • Jain Beliefs
                      • Liberation
                      • Becoming a monk or nun
                      • Monks and nuns
                      • A to Z Index
                      • Sitemap
                      • Pronunciation
                      • Accessibility
                      • Privacy
                      • Copyright
                      • Cookie Policy
                      Copyright © 2009 - 2023 The Institute of Jainology |
                      • Home
                      • Themes
                      • Manuscripts
                      • Gallery
                      • Timeline
                      • e-Library
                      • Resources
                      • About
                      • Support Us
                        • The JAIN UNIVERSE ONLINE
                        Open toolbar

                        Accessibility

                        • Increase Text Size
                        • Decrease Text Size
                        • High Contrast
                        • Negative Contrast
                        • Light Background
                        • Links Underline
                        • Reset
                        • Sitemap
                        • Help