A subgroup of passions or emotions – kaṣāyas – that must be eliminated to reach liberation from the cycle of rebirths. Traditionally, there are nine:
- hāsya – laughter
- rati – sensual pleasure
- arati – sensual displeasure
- śoka – sorrow
- bhaya – fear
- jugupsā – disgust
- veda – sexual craving
- puṃ-veda – sexual desire for a woman
- strī-veda – sexual desire fora man
- napuṃsaka-veda – sexual desire for both men and women.