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                  Home  » Manuscript Home » Snakes and ladders (Circ. 324-1972) » Snakes and ladders

                  Snakes and ladders (Circ. 324-1972)

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                  Abhidhāna-cintāmaṇi with Nāmasāroddhāra commentary (Or. 13806)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (069.001)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (575181i)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Add. Or. 1812)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Add. Or. 1813)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Add. Or. 1814)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Circ. 91-1970)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (IS 6565)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Or. 13294)

                  Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Or. 13937)

                  Ādityavāra-kathā (Or. 14290)

                  Āvaśyaka-niryukti (Or. 13550)

                  Āvaśyaka-niryukti (Or. 13786)

                  Āvaśyaka-niryukti (Or. 2105 ms. C)

                  Text starts – Ṛṣabha meditating

                  Bhaktāmara-stotra (Or. 13478)

                  Bhaktāmara-stotra (Or. 13741)

                  Br̥haccūrṇivyākhyā (Or. 1386)

                  Caturviṃśati-stava (Or. 13623)

                  Cosmic man (Or. 13974)

                  Ḍholā-Marū and Madhavanala kī copaī (Or. 14687)

                  Fragments of Jain manuscripts (Or. 13950)

                  Jambū-dvīpa-prajnapti-sūtra (MS. Ind. Inst. Sansk. 109)

                  Jasahara-cariu (Beta 1471)

                  Jina images (Add. 26519)

                  Jīta-kalpa-sūtra (Or. 1385)

                  Jnātadharma-kathā (Prakrit d. 4)

                  Kālakācārya-kathā (Beta 365)

                  Kālakācārya-kathā (Or. 13475)

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Gamma 453)

                  Śakra’s thoughts

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 06-1931)

                  Text

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 07-1931)

                  Birth of Mahāvīra

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 08-1931)

                  Text

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 09-1931)

                  Nemi decides not to marry

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 10-1931)

                  Mahāvīra plucks out his hair

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 11-1931)

                  A Jina’s omniscience and preaching

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 12-1931)

                  Text

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IM 161-1914)

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IS 46-1959)

                  Text

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IS 83-1963)

                  Section on Mahāvīra

                  Kalpa-sūtra (IS 84-1963)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 11921)

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 12744)

                  Section on Mahāvīra

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 13341)

                  Section on Mahāvīra

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 13342)

                  First page – floral decoration

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 13700)

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 13959)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 14262)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 5149)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra and Kālakācārya-kathā (I.O. San. 3177)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra and Kālakācārya-kathā (Tod MS 34)

                  Blank first page of Kalpa-sūtra

                  Kalpa-sūtra with Gujarati commentary (Or. 13701)

                  Auto Draft

                  Kalpa-sūtra with Sanskrit commentary (Gamma 3)

                  First page with library stamps

                  Kalpa-sūtra with Sanskrit glosses (Or. 13455)

                  Auto Draft

                  Karma-kāṇḍa with Persian commentary (MS. Wilson 262)

                  Laghu-kṣetra-samāsa with Gujarāti commentary (Add. 26374)

                  Homage to Sarasvatī

                  Līlāvatī (Or. 13457)

                  Last page – colophon

                  Mahāniśītha-sūtra (Prakrit d. 18)

                  Auto Draft

                  Mandala with 24 Jinas (Or. 13472)

                  Manuscript cover of the 14 dreams

                  Manuscript cover (IS 20-1978)

                  Fourteen auspicious dreams

                  Manuscript cover (IS 50-1983)

                  Head of a man surrounded by text

                  Medicine and karma (Beta 1469)

                  Auto Draft

                  Personification of a planet (Circ. 325-1972)

                  Personification of a planet

                  Personification of a planet (Circ. 326-1972)

                  Auto Draft

                  Praśnottara or Dharma-ratnākara (Or. 2136 ms. B)

                  Sanskrit hymn in 25 stanzas

                  Ratnākara-panca-viṃśatikā (Or. 15633/197)

                  Blank first page of Śālibhadra-caupaī

                  Śālibhadra-caupaī (Or. 13524)

                  Auto Draft

                  Saṃgrahaṇī and Karma-granthas (Or. 2137 ms. B)

                  Blank page – British Library stamp

                  Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna - Dharmameru's commentary (Or. 13456)

                  Seven armies of the Bhavanavāsin king

                  Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna (IS 2-1984)

                  Opening page – floral decoration

                  Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna (Or. 13454)

                  Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna or Trailokyadīpikā (IS 35-1971)

                  Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna with Gujarati commentary (Or. 2116 ms. C)

                  Palm of the hand

                  Sāmudrika-śāstra (Add. 26,461)

                  First page with peacocks

                  Ṣaṣṭiśataka with Sanskrit commentary (Or. 13179)

                  Seven Chakras of the Subtle Body

                  Seven Chakras of the Subtle Body (Circ. 321-1972)

                  Siddhāntālāpaka (Or. 2137 ms. A)

                  Snakes and ladders

                  Snakes and ladders (Circ. 324-1972)

                  Śrāddhavidhi-viniścaya (Or. 2120 ms. B)

                  Modern page – shelfmark and provenance

                  Śrīpāla-kathā (Or. 2126 ms. A)

                  Auto Draft

                  Śrīpāla-rāsa and Gujarati commentary (Or. 13622)

                  Sūri-mantra-paṭa (065.001)

                  Tattva-bodha-prakaraṇa (Or. 2112 ms. B)

                  Paper manuscript cover

                  Triṣaṣṭi-śalākā-puruṣa-caritra (Beta 1689)

                  A universal gathering and monastic discipline

                  Uttarādhyayana-sūtra (IS 2-1972)

                  Auto Draft

                  Uttarādhyayana-sūtra (Or. 13362)

                  Indrabhūti Gautama

                  Uttarādhyayana-sūtra (Or. 13476)

                  Final colophon

                  Uttarādhyayana-sūtra (Prakrit c.1)

                  Victory banner

                  Victory banner (IM 89-1936)

                  Vijñapti-patra (Or. 16192)

                  Title page

                  Vītarāga-stotra with commentary (MS. Sansk. d. 317)

                  Viveka-vilāsa (Or. 2136 ms. A)

                  Auto Draft

                  Yati-pratikramaṇa with commentary (MS. Sansk. d. 310)

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                  # 1 of 1

                  Snakes and ladders

                  Background

                  The board of the game of snakes and ladders represents a person’s progress in life and is divided into 84 numbered squares. Each square contains writing about rules of conduct and the good and bad results. The ladders denote good behaviour and virtues that allow the player to move up to a higher level. The snakes, however, indicate a downfall, which means that the player descends to a lower level.

                  Popular in India, the game of snakes and ladders has long been played by Jains, especially during Paryuṣaṇ, the ten-day festival during the rainy season. The game was both an enjoyable pastime and a means by which players could learn about Jain ethics.

                  According to Jain cosmology, there are three worlds across which souls move throughout a long period of time. Souls go through one rebirth after another, moving upwards and downwards through the three worlds as a result of their actions – known as karma – until they finally reach the summit of perfection.

                  The largest, Lowest World is formed from a pyramid of seven hells. The five lowest levels – the hells of sand, mud, smoke, darkness and deepest darkness – are inhabited by infernal beings. Low-ranking and malign gods live on the highest hell levels of jewels and gravel.

                  In the Middle World is Jambū-dvīpa – 'Continent of the Rose-Apple Tree'. At its centre is Mount Meru, surrounded by mountain ranges shaped like elephant tusks. As the central mountain of the world, Mount Meru extends both upwards and downwards, and is surrounded by heavenly palaces and temples in each of the cardinal directions. The divine palace of the Jinas is at its top. Jambū-dvīpa is surrounded by rings of alternating oceans and continents. The Middle World is the home of five-sensed animals and humans and is where Jinas are born.

                  The Upper World comprises seven regions, each containing heavenly palaces and inhabited by gods of various ranks. The summit is the home of the perfect ones – siddhas – beneath which are the five Unsurpassable Gods.

                  Glossary

                    • Source:

                      Victoria and Albert Museum

                    • Shelfmark:

                      Circ. 324-1972

                    • Author:

                      unknown

                    • Date of creation:

                      late 19th century

                    • Folio number:

                      n/a

                    • Total number of folios:

                      not applicable

                    • Place of creation:

                      unknown

                    • Language:

                      Prākrit, Sanskrit and Gujarati

                    • Medium:

                      opaque watercolour on cloth

                    • Size:

                      58.4 x 52.4 cm

                    • Copyright:

                      V&A Images/Victoria and Albert Museum, London

                    • Image Copyright:

                      Creative Commons Public Domain

                    Snakes and ladders (Circ. 324-1972)

                    Snakes and ladders

                    • Source:

                      Victoria and Albert Museum

                    • Shelfmark:

                      Circ. 324-1972

                    • Author:

                      unknown

                    • Date of creation:

                      late 19th century

                    • Folio number:

                      n/a

                    • Total number of folios:

                      not applicable

                    • Place of creation:

                      unknown

                    • Language:

                      Prākrit, Sanskrit and Gujarati

                    • Medium:

                      opaque watercolour on cloth

                    • Size:

                      58.4 x 52.4 cm

                    • Copyright:

                      V&A Images/Victoria and Albert Museum, London

                    • Image Copyright:

                      Creative Commons Public Domain

                    Please consider the environment before printing
                    Please consider the environment before printing
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