The oldest school of Hindu philosophy found today. Usually translated as ‘non-dualism’, Advaita Vedānta emphasises the scriptures of the Upaniṣads as ways of understanding the relationship between Ātman – the pure self or soul – and Brāhman – pure, unchanging reality. To followers, these are identical but ignorance and errors of judgement cause deluded souls to believe in the world of physical and mental forms they experience, which is māyā. Knowledge frees the soul of these errors and allows liberation from the cycle of rebirth.