A term used by Digambaras for thinking about the 12 topics that stress the negative nature of the world of rebirths and that help to overcome it:

1. impermanence
2. helplessness
3. the cycle of rebirth
4. solitariness
5. the isolated nature of the soul
6. the impurity of the body
7. the influx of karma
8. stopping the influx of karma
9. the elimination of karma
10. the nature of the universe
11. the difficulty of reaching omniscience
12. the teachings of the sacred law.