Category:Jina images (Add. 26519)

Worship of R̥ṣabha

 

Description

A large brown figure sits on a throne in a three-domed temple structure, two flags flying from two of the domes. Sitting in the lotus posture of meditation, he wears an intricate headdress and jewellery. There are lamps on his left and right sides while above him are small bells. Above his head is a kind of double-ended lotus stalk, which is an ornament and probable symbol of purity.

He is flanked by a male figure on each side. They have hands folded in a gesture of homage and respect.

Below are trees of various kinds, suggesting an outdoor scene. This is the place found in other pictures in the album, where temple servants and devotees are shown preparing ingredients for ceremonies of worship.

Thus this lively painting features two scenes in one, namely the:

  • interior of a temple
  • landscape surrounding the temple, depicted through the sky and trees.

Inside the main cella of the temple a Jina is enthroned, and being worshipped. This Jina cannot be identified for sure, in the absence of any identifying emblem. His identification as Ṛṣabhanātha or Lord Ṛṣabha, the first Jina, cannot be more than a guess. The throne is where the emblem is usually found but here it is filled with only decorative motifs.

The figures on the Jina’s left and right sides are lay devotees worshipping him.

The painter does not use perspective, but does represent the journey through the landscape to the temple and then inside. The temple garden is presented first, followed by the interior of the temple.

Other visual elements

This is a full-page painting. The elaborate floral border of the picture underscores the decorative nature of the image.

 

Background

This manuscript has the format of a European book and is a composite document with different items.

The 24 Jinas are always represented in a very stylised way in visual art. In some cases, however, the colour of their body is an identifying mark – green for Pārśva, blue for Nemi, for instance.

Apart from this the Jinas have no obvious identifying marks with the exception of the 23rd Jina, Pārśvanātha or Lord Pārśva. Pārśva is usually shown with a snake headdress, which highlights his close association with snakes – nāga. No other Jinas have a life story featuring an animal in this way.

Moreover, each Jina has an emblem that is frequently included in artwork so he can be identified.

In this album, which has five pictures, two Jinas can be definitely named:

The identity of the other three is uncertain. They may be the other most popular Jinas:

A Jina is always shown in meditation, either standing or sitting, like here. Among the Śvetāmbaras, the Jina is thought of as a spiritual king and is often depicted with ornaments and seated on a throne. This is the case here.

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