Category:Sūri-mantra-paṭa (065.001)

Bottom right of the verso

Description

This labyrinth-shaped diagram in red ink is on the back of the sūri-mantra-paṭa.

This is a nandyāvarta, which is one of the eight auspicious symbols – aṣṭa-mangala.

This diagram was only found in spring 2013, when restoration and conservation work revealed an intermediate lining on the back of the paṭa. When this was peeled back, two nandyāvartas were visible on the reverse of the paṭa.

It is not known when these symbols were added, who drew them or why, although it is likely that the nandyāvartas are believed to increase the power of the maṇḍala on the front.

Background

A sūri-mantra-paṭa is a mystical diagram on cloth, like here, or on paper, which features formulas of homage and sacred syllables – mantras. It is thus a kind of maṇḍala or yantra, which is frequently used in worship and meditation among both ascetics and lay people.

Monks of the Śvetāmbara monastic orders use sūri-mantra-paṭas when they reach the higher ranks of religious hierarchy. The yantra gets its name from the highest grade of male mendicant, which is sūri, but it can also be used among lower monastic levels. More generally, worshippers are inspired by the example of Indrabhūti Gautama or Gautama-svāmin, the foremost disciple of Mahāvīra, the 24th Jina. He is often shown at the centre of the diagram, although not here.

The date on this sūri-mantra-paṭa corresponds to 1449 CE, making it among the oldest known examples. All yantras include pictures and text but the muted colour scheme and chiefly textual appearance of this one contrasts sharply with modern sūri-mantra-paṭas, which are often brightly coloured and have little text.

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Related Manuscripts

Backing cloth

Top left

Verso of the lining fragment

Top left of the verso