Category:Kalpa-sūtra (IM 08-1931)

Text

 

Description

The text describes the atmosphere of joy and wealth when Mahāvīra was born.

Lines 1 to 2 describe showers of ornaments, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, garlands, perfumes, colours, powders and treasures from the sky.

Then, King Siddhārtha, Mahāvīra’s father, ordered the policemen and guards to free all prisoners, to sprinkle, clean and decorate the streets and all the places in the town with flags, banners and so on. He wanted to celebrate the birth of his son, for whom great things had been predicted.

Other visual elements

As with many Kalpa-sūtra manuscripts, there is a clear intention to make the manuscript a valuable and remarkable object in itself. This aim is signalled by the:

  • shape and style of the script, which is close to calligraphy
  • blue background of the text
  • gold ink instead of the standard black ink for the text
  • gold in the paintings themselves instead of ordinary colours
  • decorated borders with floral arabesques in red
  • division of the text into two parts by a blank space with an ornamented red disk and arrows.

In this central part, below the red disk, 33 refers to the folio number.

Script

The elaborate script used is the Jaina Devanāgarī script, which is here like calligraphy. This script is notable because it is an old type in the way the sounds e and o are notated when used with a consonant. It is known as pṣṭhamātrā script.

 

Background

The Kalpa-sūtra is the most frequently illustrated Jain text of the Śvetāmbara sect. It is read and recited by monks in the Śvetāmbara festival of Paryuṣaṇ, which takes place in August to September each year.

The first part of the Kalpa-sūtra deals with the lives of the Jinas, especially Mahāvīra, Pārśva, Nemi and Ṛṣabha. It features almost identical stories of their births, lives as princes, renunciation, enlightenment and final emancipation.

The second part – Sthavirāvali – is a praise of the early teachers of Jainism. The third part – Sāmācārī – deals with particular monastic rules to be followed during the rainy season.

Kalpa Sûtra

Kalpa Sūtra of Bhadrabāhu Svāmī

Bhadrabāhu

The Kalpa Sûtra of Bhadrabâhu

Bhadrabāhu

A Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of Miniature Paintings of the Jaina Kalpasūtra as executed in the Early Western Indian Style

W. Norman Brown

Catalogue of the Jain manuscripts at the British Library: including the British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum

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Paryuṣaṇ

Mahāvīra

Śvetāmbara

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Jain calendar

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