Description

Manuscripts of the Bhaktāmara-stotra are often artefacts with noteworthy aesthetic features, which underline the particular value and presence of this hymn in the Jain tradition. The song has magic powers and is part of the Jain tantric tradition, associated with mantras and yantras.

Each recto and verso page of this manuscript has a central vignette. All different from each other, they depict auspicious symbols or figures.

Here the painting is of the full jar – mangala-kalaśa – which means prosperity, and is one of the eight auspicious symbolsaṣṭa-mangala. From the top of the jar rises a pink lotus flower and creepers. In Jain art the full jar is mostly shown with two eyes at the sides. They have been interpreted as representations of clairvoyant knowledge, or may be ‘a vestigial representation of the sun which sees all and knows all’ (W. Norman Brown 1934, page 12, number 5).

On the left and right there are elaborate geometrical shapes containing syllables from the text. These shapes are not specific to Bhaktāmara-stotra manuscripts, being found widely in Jain manuscripts. Nevertheless, they indicate a concern for ornamentation.

Selected pages of this manuscript are digitised on JAINpedia.

Other visual elements

There are several notable things about this page.

  • Verse numbers are at the end of each stanza and are often written between two vertical red lines, like here. Numbers ’17’ to ’22’ are visible here.
  • The margins are decorated with an ornamental motif of flowers and leaves.

Script

The elaborate script is the Jaina Devanāgarī script, here written in a form which recalls calligraphy. It is used for writing numerous Indian languages, here for Sanskrit.

The red vertical lines – daṇḍas – within the text are used to divide the parts of a verse. Single ones mark the end of a pāda, a verse part. Double ones mark the end of the whole verse.