The caption in the upper left corner says: harṣa – ‘joy’.

The scene features two ladies. The one on the left is larger and is elaborately dressed, with a sophisticated hairstyle. She is sitting on an ornately decorated seat, with eyes wide open and a very dynamic expression. She is holding a kind of fan in her hand. Facing her is another lady, who also looks happy.

This is Queen Triśalā and one of her attendants. Mahāvīra’s embryo has not stirred for some time in the queen’s womb, out of compassion for his mother. Thinking that he has died, she is stricken with grief. But the embryo guesses the reason for her distress and moves slightly. This brings joy again to his mother.

The long protruding eye is a typical feature of western Indian painting. Its origin is unclear.

Other visual elements

The bottom of the right margin contains the number 35. This is the folio number.

The original paper has been pasted onto a new base. As with many Kalpa-sūtra manuscripts, there is a clear intention to make the manuscript a valuable and remarkable object in itself. This aim is signalled by the:

• use of gold in the paintings, margins and ornamental motifs
• decorated border with blue floral motifs
• three diamonds filled with gold ink and surrounded by blue ornamental motifs.

The three golden diamonds along the central horizontal plane are symbolic reminders of the way in which manuscripts were bound at one time. Strings through one or more holes in the paper were used to thread together the loose folios so the reader could turn them over easily. The shapes are in the places where the holes would once have been.

Three diamonds mean a verso side.

Script

The elaborate script used is the Jaina Devanāgarī script, which is here like calligraphy. It is used for writing numerous Indian languages, here for Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit.

There are a few notable features of this script, which:

• is an old type in the way the sounds e and o are notated when used with a consonant, known as pṛṣṭhamātrā script
• contains red vertical lines that mark out verse divisions, with a single line dividing a verse in two while double lines are found at the end of the verse.

The number 94 at the beginning of line 2 is a paragraph number.

The lines in smaller script above and below the main text and in the margins are explanations in Sanskrit of phrases found in the central part. The two small parallel lines like slanted = after the words are meant to separate the explanations.