Description

The partly damaged caption in the upper-left corner says: [Indra]bhūti Sudharmmā mukti – ‘Emancipation of Indrabhūti [and] Sudharma’.

Two white-clad monks sit in the lotus position of meditation. They wear the white robe of the Śvetāmbara monks and hold the broomrajoharaṇa – under their right arms. In their right hands they hold a rosary while making the gesture of exposition or explanation. They are seated above a golden crescent.

Judging from this gesture, they are preaching the message of the Jinas to their listeners.

The text beside the illustration says:

The Elder Indrabhūti and the elder Ārya Sudharma were emancipated after the passing away of Mahāvīra.

Indrabhūti Gautama and Sudharma are the chief disciples of the 24th Jina Mahāvīra. They are pictured in the standard representation of Jain monks, sitting in a meditation posture in a garden pavilion.

The golden crescent below them is the siddha-śilā, which represents the concept of emancipationsiddhi, mukti or nirvāṇa – in Jain art. This indicates that their souls are being liberated from their physical bodies.

Other visual elements

The bottom of the right margin contains the number 104. This is the folio number, in a square with two blue lines as an ornamental motif.

The original paper is slightly damaged. But, as with many Kalpa-sūtra manuscripts, there is a clear intention to make the manuscript a valuable and remarkable object in itself. This aim is signalled by the:

  • coloured background for the text
  • gold ink instead of the standard black ink
  • decorated border with blue floral motifs
  • three diamonds filled with gold ink, with arrow-like blue lines and surrounding blue border as ornamental motifs.

The three diamonds along the central horizontal plane are symbolic reminders of the way in which manuscripts were bound when they were on palm leaf. Strings through holes in the paper were used to thread together the loose folios so the reader could turn them over easily. The diamonds are in the places where the holes would once have been.