Category:Kalpa-sūtra (Gamma 453)

Nemi’s birth

Description

The caption in the upper-right corner says: Nemijanma – ‘Nemi’s birth’.

The newborn Ariṣṭanemi or Nemi is in his mother’s arms. The queen lies on her couch in her bedroom, fanned and waited on by a female servant. The baby will grow up to become Neminātha or Lord Nemi, the 22nd Jina.

This is the standard representation of the birth of a child who will become a Jina.

Other visual elements

The bottom of the right margin contains the number 80. This is the folio number, in a square with two blue lines as an ornamental motif.

As with many Kalpa-sūtra manuscripts, there is a clear intention to make the manuscript a valuable and remarkable object in itself. This aim is signalled by the:

  • coloured background for the text
  • gold ink instead of the standard black ink
  • decorated border with blue floral motifs
  • three diamonds filled with gold ink, with arrow-like blue lines and surrounding blue border as ornamental motifs.

The three diamonds along the central horizontal plane are symbolic reminders of the way in which manuscripts were bound when they were on palm leaf. Strings through holes in the paper were used to thread together the loose folios so the reader could turn them over easily. The diamonds are in the places where the holes would once have been.

Background

The Kalpa-sūtra is the most frequently illustrated Jain text of the Śvetāmbara sect. It is read and recited by monks in the Śvetāmbara festival of Paryuṣaṇ, which takes place in August to September each year.

The first part of the Kalpa-sūtra deals with the lives of the Jinas, especially Mahāvīra, Pārśva, Nemi and Ṛṣabha. It features almost identical stories of their births, lives as princes, renunciation, enlightenment and final emancipation. The second part – Sthavirāvali – is a praise of the early teachers of Jainism. The third part – Sāmācārī – deals with particular monastic rules to be followed during the rainy season.

Kalpa Sûtra

The Kalpa Sûtra of Bhadrabâhu

Bhadrabāhu

Kalpa Sūtra of Bhadrabāhu Svāmī

Bhadrabāhu

A Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of Miniature Paintings of the Jaina Kalpasūtra as executed in the Early Western Indian Style

W. Norman Brown

Catalogue of the Jain manuscripts at the British Library: including the British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum

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