Description

In Jain manuscripts, as in other Indian manuscripts, the end is the place to look for information on the title of the work, the author, the date of composition and so on. The colophon of the work is not necessarily the author’s creation. It is mostly written by the scribes who copy texts. Sanskrit is often the language of colophons, like here.

This colophon is an interesting example of a monastic lineage represented at several levels.

The main monastic leader is Gaja-sāgara. A monk is defined through his place in a lineage. Hence the name of his predecessor and teacher is mentioned, who is called Sumati-sāgara.

On the other hand, a monastic leader is also defined through his religious entourage. Gaja-sāgara’s entourage is represented, in hierarchical succession, by Lalita-sāgara, and by Māṇikya-sāgara. The latter is the one for whom the manuscript has been copied and is a monk of average rank, as suggested by the abbreviation , which stands for ṛṣi.

In addition, the monastic lineage is set within the larger frame of the Jain tradition of monastic teaching by the reference to Sudharma-svāmin. Sudharma is one of the 11 chief disciples of Mahāvīra. With the exception of one, all Śvetāmbara monastic lineages trace their descent from him. Also mentioned here is Jambū-svāmi, who was his pupil and who also figures in traditional monastic lineage accounts.

It is interesting to note that a large part of the section giving the monastic lineage has been written over yellow pigment. Yellow pigment is used as an eraser. This indicates that the manuscript originally had another recipient and has been reused and re-allocated to Māṇikya-sāgara. The present allocation shows the most frequent pattern in commissioning manuscript copies for a monk to read, which is when lay people club together to get a manuscript copied.

Jain monks have their official titles added to their names. These titles are also indicated by the respectful prefix śrī. These respectful terms are sometimes written more than once or implied as being repeated. The term śrī5 found in this colophon should be understood as adding the prefix śrī five times to the name, which denotes a very high level of honour.