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Home  » Manuscript Home » Jasahara-cariu (Beta 1471) » Chapter 1 text

Jasahara-cariu (Beta 1471)

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Abhidhāna-cintāmaṇi with Nāmasāroddhāra commentary (Or. 13806)

Aḍhāī-dvīpa

Aḍhāī-dvīpa (069.001)

Aḍhāī-dvīpa (575181i)

Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Add. Or. 1812)

Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Add. Or. 1813)

Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Add. Or. 1814)

Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Circ. 91-1970)

Aḍhāī-dvīpa (IS 6565)

Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Or. 13294)

Aḍhāī-dvīpa (Or. 13937)

Ādityavāra-kathā (Or. 14290)

Āvaśyaka-niryukti (Or. 13550)

Āvaśyaka-niryukti (Or. 13786)

Āvaśyaka-niryukti (Or. 2105 ms. C)

Text starts – Ṛṣabha meditating

Bhaktāmara-stotra (Or. 13478)

Bhaktāmara-stotra (Or. 13741)

Br̥haccūrṇivyākhyā (Or. 1386)

Caturviṃśati-stava (Or. 13623)

Cosmic man (Or. 13974)

Ḍholā-Marū and Madhavanala kī copaī (Or. 14687)

Fragments of Jain manuscripts (Or. 13950)

Jambū-dvīpa-prajnapti-sūtra (MS. Ind. Inst. Sansk. 109)

Jasahara-cariu (Beta 1471)

Jina images (Add. 26519)

Jīta-kalpa-sūtra (Or. 1385)

Jnātadharma-kathā (Prakrit d. 4)

Kālakācārya-kathā (Beta 365)

Kālakācārya-kathā (Or. 13475)

Kalpa-sūtra (Gamma 453)

Śakra’s thoughts

Kalpa-sūtra (IM 06-1931)

Text

Kalpa-sūtra (IM 07-1931)

Birth of Mahāvīra

Kalpa-sūtra (IM 08-1931)

Text

Kalpa-sūtra (IM 09-1931)

Nemi decides not to marry

Kalpa-sūtra (IM 10-1931)

Mahāvīra plucks out his hair

Kalpa-sūtra (IM 11-1931)

A Jina’s omniscience and preaching

Kalpa-sūtra (IM 12-1931)

Text

Kalpa-sūtra (IM 161-1914)

Kalpa-sūtra (IS 46-1959)

Text

Kalpa-sūtra (IS 83-1963)

Section on Mahāvīra

Kalpa-sūtra (IS 84-1963)

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Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 11921)

Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 12744)

Section on Mahāvīra

Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 13341)

Section on Mahāvīra

Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 13342)

First page – floral decoration

Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 13700)

Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 13959)

Auto Draft

Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 14262)

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Kalpa-sūtra (Or. 5149)

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Kalpa-sūtra and Kālakācārya-kathā (I.O. San. 3177)

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Kalpa-sūtra and Kālakācārya-kathā (Tod MS 34)

Blank first page of Kalpa-sūtra

Kalpa-sūtra with Gujarati commentary (Or. 13701)

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Kalpa-sūtra with Sanskrit commentary (Gamma 3)

First page with library stamps

Kalpa-sūtra with Sanskrit glosses (Or. 13455)

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Karma-kāṇḍa with Persian commentary (MS. Wilson 262)

Laghu-kṣetra-samāsa with Gujarāti commentary (Add. 26374)

Homage to Sarasvatī

Līlāvatī (Or. 13457)

Last page – colophon

Mahāniśītha-sūtra (Prakrit d. 18)

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Mandala with 24 Jinas (Or. 13472)

Manuscript cover of the 14 dreams

Manuscript cover (IS 20-1978)

Fourteen auspicious dreams

Manuscript cover (IS 50-1983)

Head of a man surrounded by text

Medicine and karma (Beta 1469)

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Personification of a planet (Circ. 325-1972)

Personification of a planet

Personification of a planet (Circ. 326-1972)

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Praśnottara or Dharma-ratnākara (Or. 2136 ms. B)

Sanskrit hymn in 25 stanzas

Ratnākara-panca-viṃśatikā (Or. 15633/197)

Blank first page of Śālibhadra-caupaī

Śālibhadra-caupaī (Or. 13524)

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Saṃgrahaṇī and Karma-granthas (Or. 2137 ms. B)

Blank page – British Library stamp

Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna - Dharmameru's commentary (Or. 13456)

Seven armies of the Bhavanavāsin king

Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna (IS 2-1984)

Opening page – floral decoration

Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna (Or. 13454)

Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna or Trailokyadīpikā (IS 35-1971)

Saṃgrahaṇī-ratna with Gujarati commentary (Or. 2116 ms. C)

Palm of the hand

Sāmudrika-śāstra (Add. 26,461)

First page with peacocks

Ṣaṣṭiśataka with Sanskrit commentary (Or. 13179)

Seven Chakras of the Subtle Body

Seven Chakras of the Subtle Body (Circ. 321-1972)

Siddhāntālāpaka (Or. 2137 ms. A)

Snakes and ladders

Snakes and ladders (Circ. 324-1972)

Śrāddhavidhi-viniścaya (Or. 2120 ms. B)

Modern page – shelfmark and provenance

Śrīpāla-kathā (Or. 2126 ms. A)

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Śrīpāla-rāsa and Gujarati commentary (Or. 13622)

Sūri-mantra-paṭa (065.001)

Tattva-bodha-prakaraṇa (Or. 2112 ms. B)

Paper manuscript cover

Triṣaṣṭi-śalākā-puruṣa-caritra (Beta 1689)

A universal gathering and monastic discipline

Uttarādhyayana-sūtra (IS 2-1972)

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Uttarādhyayana-sūtra (Or. 13362)

Indrabhūti Gautama

Uttarādhyayana-sūtra (Or. 13476)

Final colophon

Uttarādhyayana-sūtra (Prakrit c.1)

Victory banner

Victory banner (IM 89-1936)

Vijñapti-patra (Or. 16192)

Title page

Vītarāga-stotra with commentary (MS. Sansk. d. 317)

Viveka-vilāsa (Or. 2136 ms. A)

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Yati-pratikramaṇa with commentary (MS. Sansk. d. 310)

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Chapter 1 text

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Life in Rājapura

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Chapter 1 text

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King’s Māridatta’s pastimes

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Māridatta honours the Śaiva ascetic

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Chapter 1 text

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Bhairava gives orders to the king

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King Māridatta giving orders

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Māridatta – an apostle of violence

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Animals are brought for sacrifice

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Chapter 1 text

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Caṇḍakarma gives orders to his men

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Digambara Jain monks walking

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Chapter 1 text

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The cemetery and seeking alms

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Armed men seize Jain novices

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Chapter 1 text

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The twins are brought to the king

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Chapter 1 text

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Chapter 2 text

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Mahāvīra – end of chapter 1

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Chapter 2 text

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King Yaśogha renounces worldly life

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Yaśogha’s initiation as a monk

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King Yaśodhara’s happiness

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Yaśodhara and Amṛtamati

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Chapter 2 text

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Yaśodhara finds Amṛtamati and her lover

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Amṛtamati returns to Yaśodhara

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Chapter 2 text

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Unhappy Yaśodhara does his duty

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Yaśodhara talks to his mother

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Chapter 2 text

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Yaśodhara in despair

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Creating the cockerel of flour

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Sacrificing the flour cockerel

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Chapter 2 text

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Coronation of King Yaśomati

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Amṛtamati invites Yaśodhara to a feast

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Chapter 2 text

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The fatal meal

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Yaśodhara and Candramatī die

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Chapter 3 text

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Mahāvīra – end of chapter 2

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Chapter 3 text

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First rebirth of Yaśodhara

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The baby peacock is sold

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First rebirth of Candramatī

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The peacock and the dog meet

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Chapter 3 text

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Chapter 3 text

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The peacock attacks Amṛtamati

Background

The 15th-century Digambara poet Raidhū composed a version of one of the most important Jain tales – the Story of Yaśodhara. Called the Jasahara-cariu, which means 'the story of Yaśodhara' in Apabhraṃśa Prakrit, Raidhū’s version has the subtitle of 'having the characteristic of compassion' – daya-lakkhaṇa. This underlines the main teaching of the story, which is a manifesto against violence of all types and a defence of non-violence.

A story with several episodes, the tale of Yaśodhara is a good representative of religious teaching in narrative form – dharma-kathā. Its importance comes from the fact that it shows very clearly the working of karma and rebirth and refers to key concepts, such as:

  • violence – hiṃsā – both factual and intentional
  • desire or greediness.

Ultimately, all the protagonists become pious Jains and will be emancipated.

The text is divided into four sections called sandhi, which go into detail about all the rebirths that are recounted in the story within a story:

Sections of the Jasahara-cariu

Section

Events

1

  • King Māridatta and the search for proper sacrificial victims
  • Birth of Yaśodhara

2

  • Yaśodhara's youth and death
  • His son Yaśomati ascends to the throne

3

  • Parallel rebirths of Yaśodhara and Candramati

4

  • Last rebirth as Abhayaruci and Abhayamati
  • Final conversions

This version of the story has not yet been published. It is known from very few manuscripts, which are all illustrated and in India. However, not a single manuscript is complete. So this one, held in the Wellcome Trust in London, is a precious document, even though it is only the first half of the story. It is probable that the second half of the document is a manuscript originally kept in Delhi, dated 1454 CE. It is also very likely that a single folio in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art is part of the same manuscript (see Balbir, forthcoming).

Like other versions of the tale of Yaśodhara, Raidhū's narrative poem is a major inspiration for illustrations in Digambara manuscripts.

Glossary

    • Source:

      Wellcome Trust Library

    • Shelfmark:

      Beta 1471

    • Author:

      Raïdhū

    • Date of creation:

      perhaps 15th century

    • Folio number:

      4 recto

    • Total number of folios:

      36

    • Place of creation:

      probably Madhya Pradesh

    • Language:

      Apabhraṃśa Prākrit

    • Medium:

      watercolour on paper

    • Size:

      27 x 12 cms

    • Copyright:

      Wellcome Library, London

    • Image Copyright:

      Creative Commons Public Domain

    Jasahara-cariu (Beta 1471)

    Chapter 1 text

    • Source:

      Wellcome Trust Library

    • Shelfmark:

      Beta 1471

    • Author:

      Raïdhū

    • Date of creation:

      perhaps 15th century

    • Folio number:

      4 recto

    • Total number of folios:

      36

    • Place of creation:

      probably Madhya Pradesh

    • Language:

      Apabhraṃśa Prākrit

    • Medium:

      watercolour on paper

    • Size:

      27 x 12 cms

    • Copyright:

      Wellcome Library, London

    • Image Copyright:

      Creative Commons Public Domain

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    Please consider the environment before printing
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      • ppa°
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      • tTabla
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